Metalworking is a production activity involving the processing of metal materials; it encompasses manufacturing processes ranging from large-scale industrial parts to precision components and is widely applied in fields such as mechanical manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, scientific research, fine arts, and handicrafts. Key processes include traditional methods-such as casting, forging, and rolling-as well as cutting operations like turning, milling, and grinding, and specialized techniques such as electrical discharge machining (EDM) and laser processing. Powder metallurgy, an emerging technology capable of achieving "near-net shape" forming, offers distinct advantages, including high raw material utilization efficiency, energy conservation, and environmental friendliness.
Humans mastered brass smelting techniques as early as 6,000 years ago; over 4,000 years ago, they began manufacturing bronze tools, and more than 3,000 years ago, they started utilizing meteoric iron to forge weaponry. During China's Spring and Autumn period, the smelting of cast iron was technologically advanced-leading Europe by more than 1,800 years. In the 18th century, the development of the iron and steel industry laid the foundational groundwork for the Industrial Revolution.
